According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), the risk of being involved in a traffic accident increases once drivers reach 70 years of age. The CDC also finds that, on an average day, 712 older adults are injured in a car accident, and an additional 19 people are killed. It’s important to determine the right time for aging parents to stop driving for their and others’ safety. Here’s how to decide if your parents should hang up the keys and how to help.
Factors that affect driving ability
The risk of accidents is highest among drivers 85 years and older. Certain health factors decrease a senior’s ability to drive safely. If your parents have one or more of these issues, consider their fitness to drive:
- Medical conditions. Alzheimer’s disease and dementia affecting judgment are not the only concerns for older drivers. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, sleep apnea, or heart disease can cause confusion, limited mobility, dexterity issues, and fatigue.
- Medications. Some medications or drug interactions can cause drowsiness or slow a person’s reaction time.
- Vision. Cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy reduce the ability to see when driving. Decreased depth perception, poor judgment of speed, difficulty seeing at night, and increased sensitivity to bright sunlight, headlights, and glare also affect senior drivers.
- Hearing. A senior’s driving ability may be hampered by the failure to hear important warning sounds.
- Flexibility and mobility. Many seniors are less physically active, which can diminish their dexterity and strength for controlling the vehicle.
- Alcohol use. The effects of aging in combination with alcohol can slow reaction time, coordination, and information processing. Alcohol mixed with certain medications can increase drowsiness and make driving even riskier.
Assessing a senior’s driving skills
To get a clear picture of your parents’ driving skills, ride with them at different times of day, and in different conditions. Note the following:
- Do they have the physical ability to control the car? Watch for slowed response times.
- Are they staying within the lanes? Watch for failure to use turn signals and wide turns.
- Can they scan from left to right to look for hazards?
- Are they struggling to see while driving at night? Are they confused in traffic? Take note if they hit curbs, miss turns, or get lost on familiar streets.
- Do they have trouble driving at higher speeds or on freeways? Do they drive unpredictably making abrupt lane changes or stops?
- Are there dents or scratches on the car or nearby fences, mailboxes, or garage doors?
Talking to your parents about driving
If you’re worried that driving is a safety issue for your parents, gather other family members and speak with your parents in a caring way. Know the discussion may be traumatic, but stress your concern that they may hurt themselves or others. Mention specific reasons and examples.
If your parents refuse to stop driving, talk to their health care providers. Seniors often accept a doctor’s recommendations to stop driving. The doctor can also send a medical status report to their State Department of Motor Vehicles Division (DMV). The DMV will do a medical review, and your parent may need to retake a driving test. (You can also request a DMV medical review without getting a doctor involved, but be aware that the DMV may let your parent know who made this request.)
It’s not a good idea to hide the keys, block usage of the car, or notify the police that your parents are unsafe drivers. It could cause a situation of mistrust, and this information could be used against your parents if they’re involved in an accident.
Transportation options
Remind your parents that hanging up the keys does not mean they’ll be homebound. They can:
- Ask friends or family for rides
- Contact the local Area Agency on Aging or Eldercare Locator for help finding services such as Dial-A-Ride, public transit, specialized mini-buses, volunteer chauffeurs or free or low-cost buses, taxi services, or carpools
- Inquire with church or community groups about volunteers that help transport older adults
- Purchase a power chair or three-wheeled scooter to get to nearby places
